Acne is one of the most common skin conditions, yet not every breakout looks or behaves the same. What is the difference between a blackhead and a whitehead? And what makes acne inflammatory? Read on to learn more.
What is acne?
Acne is a common skin condition that develops when hair follicles become blocked with excess sebum (the natural oil produced by our skin) and dead skin cells. These blocked follicles can create different types of spots, ranging from blackheads and whiteheads to papules, pustules, nodules and cysts.
While acne is particularly common during our teenage years, it can affect the skin at almost any age. Hormones, genetics and excess sebum can all play a part, and breakouts can appear on the face as well as the chest and back.
Acne is generally divided into two broad categories: non-inflammatory acne and inflammatory acne.
What are the different types of acne?
There are six main types of acne spots:
Non-inflammatory
1. Blackheads
Blackheads are a type of non-inflammatory acne, also known as open comedones. They develop when a hair follicle becomes blocked but remains open at the surface of the skin. Blackheads commonly appear around areas where the skin naturally produces more oil, including the nose, forehead and chin.
2. Whiteheads
Whiteheads are another form of comedonal acne, but unlike blackheads, the clogged follicle is closed at the skin's surface. They usually look like small, white or skin-coloured bumps and may feel slightly firm.
Inflammatory
When a blocked follicle becomes inflamed, you may start to notice redder, more tender spots.
There are four main types:
3. Pustules
Pustules are what many of us picture when we think of a classic ‘pimple’. They are similar to papules but have a visible white or yellow tip caused by a build-up of pus. The surrounding skin may also appear red and inflamed.
4. Papules
Papules are small, raised red bumps that can feel tender or sore. Unlike pustules, they don't contain a visible white or yellow centre.
5. Nodules
Nodules develop deeper beneath the skin and usually feel like large, hard and often painful lumps. Unlike a superficial spot, nodular acne can't simply be ‘popped’ and trying to do so can cause damage to the skin.
6. Cysts
Cysts are deep, painful, pus-filled lesions and are among the most severe forms of acne. Like nodules, cystic acne develops deeper within the skin and carries a higher risk of permanent scarring. If you're experiencing cysts or persistent painful acne, professional medical advice is recommended.
How to care for acne-prone skin
When breakouts appear, it can be tempting to try to ‘dry out’ the skin. However, acne-prone skin still needs its natural protective barrier to be supported. Think gentle, balanced and consistent care.
Cleanse gently
- Cleanse morning and evening with a gentle cleanser and lukewarm water. Over-cleansing can irritate the skin, so avoid repeatedly washing your face throughout the day.
Exfoliate carefully
- Exfoliation can help remove dead skin cells from the surface of the skin, but acne-prone skin doesn't need aggressive scrubbing. ishga Exfoliating Face Mask contains fine seaweed granules that will help smooth and detoxify the skin.
Don't forget to moisturise
- Skipping moisturiser or deliberately trying to dry the skin out can leave the skin barrier feeling uncomfortable and dehydrated. Instead, choose a moisturiser that will help keep the complexion hydrated, balanced and nourished.
